The Minimum Wage Must Be Increased Essay - 1488 Words

â€Å"Of course, nothing helps families make ends meet like higher wages. †¦ And to everyone in this Congress who still refuses to raise the minimum wage, I say this: If you truly believe you could work full-time and support a family on less than $15,000 a year, go try it. If not, vote to give millions of the hardest-working people in America a raise.† –President Obama, State of the Union address, Jan. 20, 2014 In the 2014 State of the Union address, President Obama called on Congress to raise the national minimum wage from $7.25 to $10.10 an hour, and soon after signed an Executive Order to raise the minimum wage to $10.10 for the individuals working on new federal service contracts. An increase in the minimum wage has been a topic of†¦show more content†¦Professor of Economics and author Ravi Batra found that employment has increased almost every time the minimum wage has gone up (187). For example, in the year following the minimum wage increase in 1997, the last time there was such a raise, employment rose by 1.9 million people. In 47 years the minimum wage increased 17 times, 14 of which saw a rise in employment a year after the increase took place. Even in the short-term, an increased minimum wage will not create unemployment. As for small businesses being harmed by an increase in minimum wage, Batra proves that a rise in minimum wage, as long as it is not faster than the rise in prices, will not adversely affect the businesses’ profits. He says that a business’s profit equals the revenue, less wage costs and all other costs. Batra offers an example with a popular fast-food franchise: Suppose you own a McDonald’s franchise; a teenage cook makes ten hamburgers per hour for you, and each hamburger is sold for $2. Your hourly business revenue from hiring that cook is $20, i.e., price times the cook’s output. Suppose all other costs add up to $12 per hour of production, and the minimum wage you pay the cook is $5 per hour. Then your hourly profit from hiring that cook is $3 [$20 - $5 - $12]. Now suppose all costs a prices double, that is, a hamburger fetches $4, the minimum wage becomes $10, and other costs rise to $24.Show MoreRelatedEssay on The Minimum Wage Must Be Increased1575 Words   |  7 PagesNo family gets rich from earning the minimum wage. In fact, the current minimum wage does not even lift a family out of poverty. -- Jon Corzine Many people can think back and remember what it was like to put in an application for that first job and be presented with a position. Taking that position represents adulthood and is a very exciting time for a young person. All first jobs usually start with a minimum wage. Minimum wage is the minimum an employer has to pay an unskilled workerRead MoreThe Effects Of Minimum Wage On The Economy1391 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects Minimum Wage on the Economy The controversial topic about increasing minimum wage is debated countless times over the years. Minimum wage is the lowest wage an employer can pay an employee permitted by law. The contemporary federal minimum wage is $7.25. Minimum wage applies to all domestic workers but teenagers are the main receivers of minimum wage. Minimum wage has a major effect on the economy. The question is are the effects positive or negative. There are many arguments on whetherRead MoreShould The Miniumum Wage Be Increased? No?1477 Words   |  6 PagesShould the Miniumum Wage be Increased? No. In recent times, Congress has been spending a great deal of time advocating increasing the federal minimum wage from $7.25 to $10.10. Most democrats support the proposal; however, most republicans oppose it. The greatest reason republicans have to oppose a minimum wage increase is that the jobs lost from an increase outweigh the benefits of paying higher wages to workers who keep their jobs, and that a majority of those earning the wage are students who areRead MoreJob Openings And Labor Turnover Essay1422 Words   |  6 PagesTurnover in the Restaurants and hotels Employees play a pivotal role in delivering customer service to customers and generally speaking companies are aware of that role. However, companies seek out every avenue necessary to keep internal cost at a minimum while being able to offer price commitment. A great deal of these cost reduction strategies maybe the cause of the increase in the latest turnover number in 2014. It was reported that for the past four years prior to 2014 there has been an increaseRead MoreMinimum Wage Persuasive Essay1067 Words   |  5 Pages2013 Persuasive Essay $7.25 equals two gallons of gas, one fast food meal, or a simple school supply. With the minimum wage at the current rate you must work one hour to earn the seven dollars and twenty-five cents that only supply you with small necessities for everyday living. This problem was encountered before and was resolved with the agreement to higher the minimum wage from $5.85 to the current $7.25. Although that was a big increase in salaries, was it truly enough? This controversyRead MoreMinimum Wage At The United States1129 Words   |  5 Pagesintended to raise the current minimum wage floor of $7.25 in the United States stalled in Congress. As the November election approaches, many Democratic senate members are placing the issue of minimum wage at the forefront of their election campaigns, hoping to sway working-class voters in their favor. The issue of minimum wage has become a matter of politics, politics which far overshadow the far more pertinent concern of minimum wage’s econom ic effects. Minimum wage is a complex issue, and understandingRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Be Raised910 Words   |  4 Pagesmaximize the American Dream on the minimum wage† (Benjamin Todd Jealous). In 1938, minimum wage was created by the federal government in order to protect workers by ensuring a minimum of twenty-five cents per hour worked. Though President Roosevelt had the right idea in protecting the workforce, something needs to be done to ensure that Americans are getting a reasonable amount of money for the amount of hours they have worked. As Benjamin Todd Jealous stated, minimum wage is not enough for the averageRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage1639 Words   |  7 PagesMinimum wage is one of the many microeconomic policies that serve to correct imbalance in the economy. It is defined as the lowest amount of remuneration required of an employer to pay his employees during a given period of work. There exist different laws in different states that can fix the min imum wage policy. A current economic issue is minimum wage, or specifically, its pertinence to social inequality. Many sectors of society would be affected by changes in this policy. Minimum wage relies onRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Policy During The United States1714 Words   |  7 Pagesincrease the federal minimum wage. Headlines throughout the country highlight recent minimum wage policy changes in major cities such as Los Angeles and Seattle. Last month, Governor Andrew Cuomo of New York announced an approved minimum wage increase to $15 an hour for all fast food workers in the state (McGeehan). Even the website for the White House has a separate page, â€Å"Raise the Wage,† advocating for Congress to increase the federal minimum wage to $10.10 an hour (Raise the Wage). The most commonlyRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage1176 Words   |  5 Pageswork weeks at minimum wage can be insufficient to provide for life’s necessities. Many minimum wage workers must supplem ent their income with taxpayer-funded federal assistance programs in addition to working beyond the standard 40 hour work week. There is an economical and ethical imperative to increase the pay of low-income workers, and this can most effectively be done by raising the federally established minimum wage. The federal government assumed responsibility for ensuring wage fairness by implementing

Return to Federalism Research Paper - 3772 Words

Annie Reynolds Return to Federalism Push Back Against the Expansion of Federal Government Power In questions of power then, let no more be heard of confidence in man, but bind him down from mischief by the chains of the Constitution. - Thomas Jefferson Summary Over the past several decades, we as a people have allowed the fundamental principles written in our Constitution to be forgotten, distorted, or completely ignored. This did not happen overnight but rather bit-by-bit over time until we are faced with a system of government that is not, as the founders intended, based on Federalism and individual freedom, but rather a National system far removed from the principles for which†¦show more content†¦During the ratification debates for the Constitution it become apparent to many that the principle of federalism was not spelled out strongly enough. Five states insisted on an amendment to the Constitution that would make the principle of federalism clear to future generations. The purpose of the Tenth Amendment is to clearly define the principle of federalism for future generations. The Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution states, â€Å"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people†. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act – Obama Care At present, more than half of the United States is suing the federal government over Obama Care. Virginia was the first state to argue in Federal Court that the new health care law and its individual mandate is unconstitutional. It is Virginia’s position that mandating the purchase of a private product goes beyond the power of congress. There has never, in the history of the United States, been a law requiring citizens to purchase a product. Apparently, up until this point, everyone knew that Congress did not have the power to impose one. Central to the argument of the federal government, is the Commerce Clause of theShow MoreRelatedDifferences Between Unitary And Federal System1524 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Paper: Federalism Usually people tend to take governmental institutions in account only at national levels. However, it is important to have a look at the lower levels as well, specifically at state or provincial levels. The major distinctions that can be made are between unitary and federal systems. Only the central government has the constitutional sovereignty and power in unitary system. The central government shares that constitutional sovereignty and power in subdivisions called, statesRead MoreNegative Effects Of Federalism And Free Speech1838 Words   |  8 Pagespositives and negatives that accompany them. In this paper I will talk about and assessing positive and negative effects in which federalism, social liberties and common freedoms have on free speech. Federalism As with everything else in the world there are positives and negatives when it comes to federalism and free speech. First we will be discussing the positive impacts that federalism has on free speech. A positive impact that federalism has on free speech would be the questioning of whetherRead MoreThe Sources Of Fossil Fuels1429 Words   |  6 PagesSheldon Fogle Telescope to Microscope Research Paper #1 Revision April 19th 2015 Abstract This paper will discuss the three main fossil fuels which are oil, coal, and natural gas. This research shows how the fossil fuels are formed, where they could be found, and explain how they were formed over millions of years. This paper will show the numerous advantages of fossil fuels compared to the disadvantages and how they are hurting the Earth. Fossils fuels are critical to the function ofRead MoreThe United States Of America Fought For Independence2502 Words   |  11 Pagesapprove a law. The Constitution fixed this with needing a majority vote for the House or Senate to approve a law, but also â€Å"before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States; If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill , itRead MoreResearch Proposal Essay1995 Words   |  8 PagesStatement of Research Proposal My broader research interests lie in the areas of international and comaparative political economy, applied game theory and quanttitative methodology. My current research projects focus on the simultaneous interaction between politics and economy at both the national and the international levels. I am particularly interested in the dynamic relationship between economic liberalization and political survival of authoritarian regimes. I also have a special interestRead MorePrison Reform Topic Paper : Prisons6604 Words   |  27 PagesPrison Reform Topic Paper Submitted By: Toni Nielson - CSU, Fullerton Unique Educational Opportunities Prisons are closed institutions. They are established and funded by governments to hold people against their will, but why punish (Zyl Smit, 2010)? What is the purpose of prison? This fundamental question stirs up a significant amount of debate. The government, citizens, educators, and even prisoners are divided about the right answers. There is disagreement in the US about the purpose ofRead MorePoli 330 Entire Course (Dqs -Checkpoints Critical Paper)9209 Words   |  37 PagesPOLI 330 Entire Course (DQs -Checkpoints Critical Paper) Purchase here https://sellfy.com/p/hz7O/ Product Description POLI 330 ENTIRE COURSE,Week 1 discussions Politics in Our Daily Lives (graded)As we read and discuss the definition of politics, let’s also consider the consequences of political decisions upon our daily routines. Can you think of a time when a political act impacted your daily life? What made this experience political? As we begin our discussions, let’s not forgetRead MorePoli 330 Entire Course – Devry (Dqs -Checkpoints Critical Paper)4649 Words   |  19 PagesPOLI 330 ENTIRE COURSE – DEVRY (DQS -CHECKPOINTS CRITICAL PAPER) To purchase this, Click here http://www.activitymode.com/product/poli-330-entire-course-devry-dqs-checkpoints-critical-paper/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM DEVRY POLI 330 ENTIRE COURSE (DQS -CHECKPOINTS CRITICAL PAPER) Week 1 discussions Politics in Our Daily Lives (graded) As we read and discuss the definition of politics, let’s also consider the consequences of political decisions upon our daily routinesRead MoreEnlightenment Period effect on Latin America2435 Words   |  10 Pageslarger states and distribute them among the poor. Unlike Indians, mestizos viewed criollos as part 1 Scollon, Ronald, and Suzanne B. K. Scollon. Intercultural Communication: A Discourse Ap- proach. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 1995. Print. Research Paper Martinez 2 of the Spanish authority, but they still joined forces against Spain.2 The Enlightenment would bring conflicting ideals to the Latin America between the people and ruling elites. Revolution started in Mexico with El Grito deRead MoreAtheism : Argentina s National Reality Essay2207 Words   |  9 Pagesstandards are expected. These patterns show that religion acts as a tool and guideline to individuals who in return use religion to justify moral acts. Yet, is this to say that if one is not religious, they cannot be a moral human being? This fear of moral decline because of a lack in religion is just one of the many verbalized concerns that follows the topic of atheism. This qualitative research will explore Atheism in Argentina and attempt to understand what it’s like to live in a country in which

Winning the War on Healthcare Harm Summary

Question: Explain about Chasing Zero for Winning the War on Healthcare Harm Summary? Answer: Safety of patient is a worldwide challenge that necessitates skills and knowledge in several areas, including systems engineering as well as human factors. As seen in the documentary, a number of factors can contribute towards healthcare harm endangering the life of helpless people who have completely entrusted their lives to medical professionals. Human as well as technological errors can cause loss of life as well as severe legal actions against the hospital and the hospital personnel. Technological and manufacturing errors such as similar labelling of drugs or their covers, software errors leading to wrong prescription for the patients or wrong composition of medicines often leads to wrongful human errors and might risk the life of patients. Similarly, human errors such as lack of proper communication among medical personnel, not paying much attention to the drug or drug composition to be administered might always cause serious risk to the patient. The vital weapons against health care harm are leadership, safe practices and technology; leadership means involvement of the hospital and health care facilities with experts and leaders in the healthcare field to understand and effectively implement new and innovative methods in the institutions for better healthcare, safe practices like the WHO checklist and National Quality Forum safe practices must be practiced by every healthcare facility around the world and of course implementing these practices in coordination with latest technology will lead to elimination of healthcare harm. Some institutions like the Mayo clinic have great coordination among nurses, routine briefing by the leaving nurse to the nurse taking over by personally interacting with the patient is followed which makes the nurse and the patient comfortable with each other and also leads to effective management by the nurse as she get well acquainted with the patients treatment. The IHI checklist formulated by medical students has also helped in making things simpler, predictable, standardized and enhanced communication. New and innovative platforms such as CPOE simulator and automated infection identification and medication systems (AIIMS) that is used to identify and prevent impact of infections using computer systems have additionally helped in better management of health of patients. Thus, as a novice health care provider, I would encourage better coordination among healthcare personnel as well as use of latest technology to elimination healthcare harm and promote a safer medical environment.

Provided Articles Dealing Aspect Of Power â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Provided Articles Dealing Aspect Of Power? Answer: Introducation Organizational behavior is an important aspect in building an infrastructure, which determines both the individual and group performances in any particular organization. The studies and the researches in this field analyze the human behavior in a work environment, which in turn affects the business structure, performance, leadership and commercial gain. The studies related to this field examine the interconnection between the management and the workforce. Models relative to this topic enhance the behavioral management in a team or an organization promoting motivation and correct leadership style, which is an essentiality to build a constructive team to increase the efficiency of the organization. Researches and analysis are performed on the literature reviews on the different organizational management criteria. Based on the articles provided, it is appropriate that experiments were conducted stating different aspects of decision making relative to power-possession and leadership qual ities. This report analyzes the methodologies and provides concluding reviews on the experiments, mainly focused on the subjective utilization of power. Alongside, the role of the confident leaders in management is indicated through tested situations. Quality analysis relative to the provided substance is presented in the upcoming sections. Article Summary: The first article specifically deals with the behavioral aspects regarding certain management issues when the executives are the beholder of immense official power (Fast et al. 2012). The article initiates with management and the leadership styles of the British Petroleum (BP) Executives. Their overconfident approach towards the risk management involved in this case resulted in the demise of workers from the explosion caused by a massive oil leakage while another recorded case would be of a large business integration that took place in 2000, resulting in an economic loss of $54 billion in shareholder market leading to the demise of the CEO. In both the circumstances, the decision-making regarding the organization was highly influenced by the over-confidence prevailing in the leaders. Lack of valid researches surrounding an organizational decision is thus, witnessed to cause potential harm. This article briefs the way over-confidence becomes a determinant of power through vivid explan ation of power and adapting few theoretical and empirical supports that insights certain experiments relative to the establishment of the relationship between power and overconfidence leading to managerial distortions. The five-approx experimentations utilizing various methodologies were approaches, leading to the completion of the objectives. The next article surfaces around power and loss aversion issues, focusing on the results of power on the characteristics of an individual and the ultimate reflections of the same on decision-making.(Inesi 2010). This documented analysis is done in an approach to establish more radical claims on the accusations against power-holders of being hypocritical, which is found to be more profound once they acquire power, wherein the power has the potential to alternate the anticipated results relatively to both gains and losses. This article sets loss aversion as the base of biased decisions from the power holders. Experimentations establish the relationship between power and loss aversion and possible anticipated risks surrounding it. The generalized analysis of the four experiments involved in the article resolves that power have an effect of minimizing loss aversion with higher level of anticipated gains. The final article in the queue relates the effect of overconfidence on the efficiency as a leader (Shipman and Mumford 2011). This document states the importance of self-confidence in leaders as an essentiality simultaneously, viewing the excessive amount of confidence in a person might adversely affects the leadership he is assigned. The set of information provides the possible pointers indicating prevailing over-confidence in a leader and the way it is influential on the performances. Majorly, the article also reveals how the most needed qualities as a result, when in excessive amount can prove to be destructive for an organization. Through vivid explanations relative to self and over-confidence, four prime hypotheses are constructed to determine the objectives utilizing variant methodologies. The results are indicative towards the effects of over-confidence on leadership qualities including vision, planning or strategizing. Based on evidences, hypotheses lead to generalized concep ts of the effects. Article Analysis: The article with the objective to establish that power is detrimental to over confidence influencing the decision-making process, conducted five experiments evidently presenting the same (Fast et al. 2012). Throughout the experiments, a persistent support was found relative to the promotion of over-confidence with the presence of power in cases. In contrast to this study, overconfident individuals are more likely to gain power. Although, the present analysis consists of few limitations, including the fact that the experiments were conducted in field-settings but in laboratory as well therefore, it will be correct to state that a more systematic and generalized view would be achievable if field-set experiments are conducted, majorly in work places including larger size samples. Another noted limitation in this study is the lacking of the estimation on the long-term effects of the relative terms as to whether it would decrease or increase. Little research is conducted on the effects of power on powerful individual in organizations during the decision-making process. While the strength of the article is that the present discoveries through this article successfully contributes to the literature of power and decision making, secondly, in small size but still to the profound relationship between power and performances and thirdly, presents a valid theoretical knowledge on the behavioral and psychological effects on an individual. This study conducted four experimentations relative to power and its effects on loss aversion indicating that power increases the level of anticipated gains associated in a case (Inesi 2010). On the analysis of the experiments, it is found that the article in a productive way established the factor that power does reduces the chance of loss aversion. Following the experiments, it is easy to state that the experiment 1 did present the fact that loss aversions are less among people with prime power. While the experiment 2 and 3 evidently presented the major conditions relating power and loss aversion with an anticipation power is essential for avoiding negative outcomes with no such differences found in anticipated value for positive outcomes relative to power conditions. Experiment 4 performed; brought together the results of the past experiments to provide a final step to measure the independent effects if the stated factors. The study presented the measures, which passed the test of time having real implications on the individuals involved. The experiments present consistent results, contributing to the theory of power engaged with the domain of losses and gains. This study proves to be a significant step towards establishing the relationship and the effects and hence is successful in its objective. This article dealing with the variant hypotheses establishes the possible effects of over-confidence on the leadership qualities in diverse ways, through researches with some noted limitations and possible practical implications potential to be applied on the real world leaders (Shipman and Mumford 2011). The limitation firstly stretches to the point that an undergraduate sample was considered for the study and analysis of the topic, with potential explanations about the effects on leadership roles but the query is relative to the generalization that might be applicable in reference to the solutions and decisions. The hypotheses did potentially present the effects utilizing the variant methodologies yet the relative effect sizes can be concluded to be small. As a recommendation point, it is suggestive to perform a wider set of experimentation to determine the effect on the population in a larger scale, easing the process of generalization involved. Another noted challenge relative to this is that situational variables are not included in the study, which in a way is believed to affect the leadership of prominent leaders at times. This is a valuable asset, as a human can get influenced by the same greatly. In addition to this the domain related to the task can be a determinant of confidence in a leader, there are significant co-relations existing. While the strengths of this article is also a topic to discuss, although the topic of over-confidence needed an elaborate research, this article sets a beneficial framework on the conceptualization of over-confidence and its effects on leadership primarily citing the deficiencies as the indicators of the same. The results derived from the experiments conducted in this article definitely have practical implications on the real-time leaders guiding them to maintain a level of confidence that would be beneficial and not destructive in any way. Article Comparisons: The three presented articles with the set of results based on the experimentations and hypotheses majorly deal with the organizational management, which might get affected by some situational and natural characteristics prevailing in an environment or an individual. The prime factor is power and the related effects. The first article in consideration, through conduction of five experiments successfully shows the persistent effect of power on an individuals confidence and eventually his/her performances (Fast et al. 2012). In recent history, recorded events are even a proof for the stated objective in the article. Gaining power eventually increases ones self-confidence to high levels resulting in a destructive way of decision-making, which can prove to be potentially harmful for the organization and others. While the next article states the relationship between power and loss aversions. Conducting four experiments, it was constructive to highlight the behavioral changes that take place once an individual gains power (Inesi 2010). The experimentations successfully show that the basis of the decisions taken by power-holders is the reduced loss aversion and the anticipation of higher level of gains. The diagnosed information states that the power-holders are often accused of being hypocrites. The article builds a successful relationship between the facts that higher the power, lower is the risks of loss aversions also showing those with more power are surrounded by a greater number of rewards. The final experiment in the article set together the results to evidently present The next article focuses on the results over-confidence derived from position and power can lead to destructive leadership qualities (Shipman and Mumford 2011). Sample hypotheses were constructed to highlight the adverse effects of over-confidence on an individuals leadership qualities including his decision-making, vision and planning towards a subjective issue. The results are relative to practical implications surrounding real-world leaders. The article in a commendable way contributes to growing literature on self-confidence alongside its importance stating the fact that an excessive amount of the same, can prove to be destructive in the management process. It is an excellent guide towards a sustainable leadership and control measures for over-confidence. Conclusion: This article states power often enhances the self-confidence to the level that it takes the form of over-confidence, which in turn results in a decision-making at times, evidently proved to cause potential harm for others associated in that matter of concern (Fast et al. 2012). The five experiments conducted in the article highlights the fact that over-confident people afford power-filled roles and alongside these roles eventually make them more over-confident. The studies show the reasons leading the powerful people to perform destructively, over-confidence being prime factor. Through such ways of decision-making, they often take an ill-informed decision with lack of proper market research or situation analysis, which eventually harm the organization and its employees as pre-mentioned two cases involving the demise of the workers and the CEO. Over-confidence leads to a lacking sense of responsibility towards performances and decisions. For further research it is suggestive built or find control measures that would shape the over-confidence down to the level of confidence that will prove to be beneficial and safe for the organization. This article shows that power eventually reduces the loss aversion with significant implications stating a relationship between power and loss aversion. Situational variables are responsible for at times, activating the high-level power mindset. The pointers included in the discovery included in the article state that with a possibility of high-level gains, individuals often experience a shift in the behavioral and decision-making aspects. The power-holders are often seen to have least amount of concerns about the consequences of their decisions rather focus on the anticipated gains they are subjected to. Thus in a practical sense it is rational as possessing power would definitely reduce the loss aversion and more rewards, of which the society should be aware. The psychology of power suggests more rewards than any usual. The article relating over-confidence and adverse leadership qualities through hypotheses of small size samples predicts the psychology of over-confident people (Shipman and Mumford 2011). The contribution from this article proves to be a constructive guide towards leaders of real-time organization as the power and designations assigned often cause a tilt in the behavioral aspects of the individuals. The hypotheses present the positive results of possessing self-belief, which is an essentiality for a leader simultaneously suggesting few control measures against over-confidence, which can alter the positivity to negative traits as is evident through hypotheses 1 2. While hypotheses show a negative influence of seeing deficiencies and positive outcomes on planning tactics and similarly, hypotheses 5 6 present the vision challenges due to over-confidence. As a recommendation, it is suggestive to conduct a more real-time experiment to ease out the idea of generalization and wider knowledg e of the effects on population. References Fast, N.J., Sivanathan, N., Mayer, N.D. and Galinsky, A.D., 2012. Power and overconfident decision-making.Organizational behavior and human decision processes,117(2), pp.249-260. Inesi, M.E., 2010. Power and loss aversion.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,112(1), pp.58-69. Shipman, A.S. and Mumford, M.D., 2011. When confidence is detrimental: Influence of overconfidence on leadership effectiveness.The Leadership Quarterly,22(4), pp.649-665

Aztecs of Mexico Essay

Aztecs of Mexico Essay Aztecs of Mexico Essay The Aztec Indians created a great civilization in Central Mexico, reaching its peak in the 1500’s. Being late arrivals to the area, and because of their strong neighboring nations, they were forced to live in the swampy western areas of the Lake Texcoco. Because of the swampy surroundings, the Aztecs used mud to create miniature islands in the swamps. These islands are called chinampas, or â€Å"floating gardens,† and were used as farming lands. On these fertile islands they grew corn, squash, vegetables, and flowers. Being an agriculturally dependent empire, the Aztec’s religion was based highly on the forces of nature and worshipped them as gods. The god of war, Huitzilopochtli, was the most important deity. They had many other important gods, such as Tlaloc, the god of rain, Quetzalcoatl, the god of wind and of learning, and Tenochtitlan, the sun god. The Aztecs believed in order to appease these and many other gods that they needed to perform human sacrifices. The main purpose of the great Aztec pyramids was, in fact, human sacrifices. They also believed that there were â€Å"lucky† and â€Å"unlucky† days for baptism and to declare war on, which were decided by a priest. Most art and architecture in the Aztec civilization was based on their religion. There are many brightly colored murals and paintings on walls and on bark which depict religious ceremonies, along with large idols of gods. One of the most amazing and famous of the Aztec’s art works is a huge calendar stone that

Scoville Scale Organoleptic Test

Scoville Scale Organoleptic Test The Scoville scale is a measure of how pungent or spicy hot chili peppers and other chemicals are. Here is how the scale is determined and what it means. Origin of the Scoville Scale The Scoville scale is named for American pharmacist Wilbur Scoville, who devised the Scoville Organoleptic Test in 1912 as a measure of the amount of capsaicin in hot peppers. Capsaicin is the chemical responsible for most of the spicy heat of peppers and certain other foods. Scoville Organoleptic Test or Scoville Scale To perform the Scoville Organoleptic Test, an alcohol extract of capsaicin oil from a dried pepper is mixed with a solution of water and sugar to the point where a panel of taste-testers can barely detect the heat of the pepper. The pepper is assigned Scoville units based on how much the oil was diluted with water in order to reach this point. As an example, if a pepper has a Scoville rating of 50,000, that means capsaicin oil from that pepper was diluted 50,000 times before the testers could just barely detect the heat. The higher the Scoville rating, the hotter the pepper. Tasters on the panel taste one sample per session so that the results from one sample dont interfere with subsequent testing. Even so, the test is subjective because it relies on human taste, so it is inherently imprecise. Scoville ratings for peppers also change according to a type of peppers growing conditions (especially humidity and soil), maturity, seed lineage, and other factors. The Scoville rating for a t ype of pepper may vary naturally by a factor of 10 or more. Scoville Scale and Chemicals The hottest hot pepper on the Scoville scale is the Carolina Reaper, with a Scoville rating of 2.2 million Scoville units, followed by the Trinidad Moruga Scorpion pepper, with a Scoville rating of around 1.6 million Scoville units (compared with 16 million Scoville units for pure capsaicin). Other extremely hot and pungent peppers include the Naga Jolokia or Bhut Jolokia and its cultivars, the Ghost chili and Dorset Naga. However, other plants produce spicy hot chemicals which can be measured using the Scoville scale, including piperine from black pepper and gingerol from ginger. The hottest chemical is resiniferatoxin, which comes from a species of resin spurge, a cactus-like plant found in Morocco. Resiniferatoxin has a Scoville rating a thousand times hotter than pure capsaicin from hot peppers, or over 16 billion  Scoville units! ASTA Pungency Units Because the Scoville test is subjective, the American Spice Trade Association (ASTA) uses high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to accurately measure the concentration of spice-producing chemicals. The value is expressed in ASTA Pungency Units, where different chemicals are mathematically weighted according to their capacity to produce a sensation of heat. The conversion for ASTA Pungency Units to Scoville heat units is that ASTA pungency units are multiplied by 15 to give equivalent Scoville units (1 ASTA pungency unit 15 Scoville units). Even though HPLC gives an accurate measurement of the chemical concentration, the conversion to Scoville units is a little off, since converting ASTA Pungency Units to Scoville Units yields a value from 20-50% lower than the value from the original Scoville Organoleptic Test. Scoville Scale for Peppers Scoville heat units Pepper Type 1,500,0002,000,000 Pepper spray, Trinidad Moruga Scorpion 855,0001,463,700 Naga Viper pepper, Infinity chili, Bhut Jolokia chili pepper, Bedfordshire Super Naga, Trinidad Scorpion, Butch T pepper 350,000580,000 Red Savina habanero 100,000350,000 Habanero chili, Scotch bonnet pepper, Peruvian White Habanero, Datil pepper, Rocoto, Madame Jeanette, Jamaican hot pepper, Guyana Wiri Wiri 50,000100,000 Byadgi chili, Birds eye chili (Thai chili), Malagueta pepper, Chiltepin pepper, Piri piri, Pequin pepper 30,00050,000 Guntur chilli, Cayenne pepper, Aj pepper, Tabasco pepper, Cumari pepper, Katara 10,00023,000 Serrano pepper, Peter pepper, Aleppo pepper 3,5008,000 Tabasco sauce, Espelette pepper, Jalapeo pepper, Chipotle pepper, Guajillo pepper, some Anaheim peppers, Hungarian wax pepper 1,0002,500 Some Anaheim peppers, Poblano pepper, Rocotillo pepper, Peppadew 100900 Pimento, Peperoncini, Banana pepper No significant heat Bell pepper, Cubanelle, Aji dulce Tips to Make Hot Peppers Stop Burning Capsaicin isnt water soluble, so drinking cold water wont ease the burn of a hot pepper. Drinking alcohol is even worse because the capsaicin dissolves in it and gets spread around your mouth. The molecule binds to pain receptors, so the trick is to either neutralize alkaline capsaicin  with an acidic food or drink (e.g., soda, citrus) or surround it with a fatty food (e.g., sour cream, cheese).

Migros Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Migros - Essay Example The current market penetration demonstrates 40% of households shop exclusively at Migros for food and 92% of households shop once per week. Given recent developments, the competition appears poised to move into Migros’ territory; and Migros management plans to anticipate the encroachment with appropriate strategies. This report responds to that potential encroachment with strategies and recommendations for action, and a plan for implementation. First, the situation is defined. COMPETITIVE SITUATION Migros is currently the top performer in Switzerland. Coop is the second largest retailer. With fewer retail stores, Migros earned 25% market share of food and 18% overall consumer goods. Coop, with twice as many outlets, enjoys a 15% market share. Three large international companies plan intrusions into the Swiss market. Carrefour, from France, Europe’s largest retailer, currently operates 12 supermarket locations in Switzerland and envisions several more in the near term. T wo German firms, Aldi and Lidl, expect to attempt to gain entry into the Swiss market. Legal and regulatory issues confound foreign entry; however, the European Union agreements may lead to loosening of those restrictions. The three new competitors compete on price utilizing the low service, big box retail concept. As Europe’s largest retailer and second in the world to Wal-Mart, Carrefour has the financial strength and management systems to compete. Aldi and Lidl view the 8% discounters’ share of the market incredibly appetizing compared with Germany’s 40% share. That gap looks exploitable from their positions. Traditionally, and certainly among the top retailers now, qualitative competition has been the standard. New regulations and new competitors, independently or combined, may lead to price cutting and poorer agricultural standards in the food supply. Migros must prepare to respond. Migros management has identified three strategies in response to the challe nge these competitors present. First, improve operational efficiency, logistics, purchasing or organizational structure and pass the cost savings to the buyer. Second, expand the budget line of vertically integrated products and develop cost leadership. Third, compete on premium lines and increase sales of ethical/environmental products. In response to these strategies, this report offers the following logic. The third strategy is sound, but not responsive to the threat of discounters. The investment required to continue growing the engagement and premium lines is insignificant compared to returns so far. Migros not only owns the Swiss premium market among large retailers, these products are a growing source of export business. Stay the course on premium products seems like the best advice. The second strategy involves expanding the budget lines, providing broader choices of products at budget pricing bears investigation, and responds to the price cutting competitors. The first stra tegy is quality business thinking at all times; can we be more efficient? Migros surpasses the other competitors for efficiency in management and operations now. It is unlikely significant gains would come of an operational audit. This chart demonstrates the point. Migros is second only to Coop in gross profit as a percentage of gross sales. Migros

Literature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Literature review - Essay Example [ Gà ¡bor Takà ¡cs,2005] The concept would be to use a well of dimension 400x400x400mm, with a compressor attached to it and fitted with a foot valve. The user would press the footvalve to start the flow in the shower when required. This way the device lift will be activated by a start action and the device will remain in the lowered state until activated. The canister would be placed inside a cylinder (cubicle in this case) of dimensions 400cm x 400cm x400cm.The cubicle would extend to a height of 10 feet and is closed from the top to increase the pressure in the cylinder.[Michael] In his book, Water wells and Pumps, Michael describes various devices to lift water from wells. He describes the reciprocating pump as a pump having a piston or plunger working in a close-fitted cylinder. The movement of the piston/plunger displaces the water in the well and through the outlet. Reciprocating pumps can be either lift pumps that are designed to lift water to the spout , generally at a height of 2’-3’ from the ground or force pumps that are designed to lift water to greater heights from wells .This principle is used in supplying water to overhead tanks in domestic water supply. Because the top of the cylinder is closed in a force pump, water can be pumped to higher levels. In a single acting plunger type pump, the pump body consisting of the cylinder and plunger attached to a valve is located at ground level. The plunger when moved up and down by the movement of the pump rod displaces air through the cylinder through the non return valve at the bottom. On the downward stroke, the bottom valve closes and water passes through a second non return valve in the plunger. On the next upward stroke, this water is forced out of the spout. In a deep well lift pump, the principle of drawing water is the same, though it is pushed to a greater height

Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Immigration - Essay Example In the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, famines, job scarcity, increasing taxes, crop failures and religious and political maltreatment forced people belonging to different parts of the world to leave their countries and immigrate to the United States of America mainly because it was considered to be a land of economic opportunities. Almost 12 million immigrants arrived and settled in United States of America during 1870 to 1900 with elevated hopes for their bright future. The majority of the immigrants belonged to Germany, Ireland and England. In the beginning, the immigrants settled near the areas of entry, however, they succeeded to make their way inside the country with the passage of time. Keeping in view the continuous influx of immigrants and their immense need to get jobs, employers stated taking their advantage. No amount of jobs was enough to accommodate all the immigrants. Men were paid less as compared to other workers and women in turn were paid even less ("Immigration to the United States, 1851-1900"). Immigrants were often labeled and stereotyped by the people residing in America. This prejudice led to social tensions among the immigrants and the Americans. Moreover, they were frequently discriminated against Americans and made to suffer stereotypical attitude, physical and verbal abuse only because they were different. Apart from social strains, the new comers brought their culture with them resulting in huge diversity in various cities as well as states. Another reason which contributed the social tension was the clash between what immigrants sought after and what the government required of them. By offering attractive jobs and land for farming, the states with meager populations tried to attract the immigrants towards them. However, immigrants, on the other hand, wanted to settle themselves in the communities set up by the people previously livi ng there from their own home countries ("Immigration to the United States, 1851-1900"). The official class of Norway openly showed their disdain towards other Norwegians who left their country to migrate to America and mocked everything even remotely related to America. The main reasons for this dislike included Negro slavery and American humbug. However, the tenants or extremely poor Norwegian farmers, after collecting some money that barely paid for their travel to as far as Chicago or Milwaukee, immigrated to America with the hopes of a better future. They considered America safer and more suitable place to live as compared to their own homeland. Norwegians mainly settled in the Midwest, Minnesota and Dakotas in particular. On the other hand, the letter they received from their fellow Norwegians already working in America were disheartening. They conveyed how they had acquired almost nothing and these otherwise proud farmers would not be able to think of going to America without feeling humiliated and self-ashamed. The Americans received them with kindness but having little knowledge about Scandinavian countries at that time and seeing their bewildered state, they considered them not only less fit but also inferior to them in every aspect. Consequently, this made the immigrants feel disgraced and dishonored and they set about to prove that they were not inferior to Americans in any way. Furthermore, they had to endure political discrimination as well. They lived in farming communities and they did find people sharing their cultural values but it separated them from the American community permanently.

Research On Compensation And Benefits In Employee Motivation Business Essay

Research On Compensation And Benefits In Employee Motivation Business Essay Abstract (executive summary) One of the biggest challenges facing business entities is the recruitment and retaining employees especially in the 21st century where the interest of employees is not getting employed, but rather in getting satisfaction in their jobs. Many employees come from houses and environments that are violent and chaotic. In the job, such kind of an employee needs to feel happy and forget the home problems. Consequently, employees move from one job to another in search of this environment. One of the ways of keeping these employees is to motivate them, a subject very complex, broad and expensive. The research carried out identifies compensation and benefits of keeping such employees in addition to the other motivational factors. Introduction Employees can very committed to the work assigned and be working very hard. However, if their hard work is not seen and appreciated, they become demoralized and their productivity may diminish considerably (Werner, and DeSimone, 2009). It is believed that human resource is the most valuable and delicate asset of a business though never included in the balance sheet of the corporation. Mistreating them will make the productivity of the business go down and consequently collapse, while appreciating their efforts will encourage them more leading to more production thus growth, development, and expansion of the business with the goals, objectives, vision, and mission in the mind in a bid to achieve them (McNamara). Motivation is one of the factors that keep employees on board, motivates them to work harder and better thus leading to increased productivity and growth of the business. Without motivation, productivity, morale, profits, product, and service delivery becomes at stake. It may be external or internal in nature (Werner, and DeSimone, 2009). The external motivation factors include the non-related work environment including both financial and non-financial aspects. On the other hand, the internal factors are those related to working environment that may include good working relationship, clean working environment and probably use of appropriate tools. Whether internal or external, there should be motivation. Compensation and benefits are reward based motivational factors. Benefit is an indirect reward that an employee gets for being part of the family or the organization (Mathis, and Jackson, 2008). On the other hand, compensation entails the reward that is given to an employee to complement the time or any resource that he might have used. This is going to be the basis of my research and as I present this research paper together with the recommendation, I believe it will see the company go further. Through developing the right strategic planning, steps are going to be taken to support the motivation of your employees (Mathis, and Jackson, 2008). Problem Statement Many organizations including our organization have found it difficult to retain good employees and enhance their productivity. We lose employees to other organizations, especially our competitors who offer them good packages putting our strategies to dealing with the competitors at risk. As a human resource manager, I have come to realize that this is really affecting our organization. After a seriously consultation, there is need for us to come up with strategies that will see us retain most of our employees and improve the companys productivity. As a result, the human resource management team has decided to develop strategy that will compensate our employees increasing the production of the company by 25% in the next 5 years. Review of literature of the recent opinions Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of needs According to Abraham Maslows hierarchy of need, different people are at different level of satisfaction. Discovering which level each employee is at may be difficult complicating the idea behind motivational (Podmoroff, 2005). This aspect of challenge is termed management challenge. It is believed that in the past a person would work for a company for very long period unlike to day where a person within a short span of time has worked for more companies (Podmoroff, 2005). It is there fore very right to assume that employees no longer look for job as a security rather to achieve certain satisfaction, no wonder one keeps on moving from one job to the other. It is therefore very important that in the event that the company wants to keep employees long enough to achieve its goals, we must be keen in motivating them (Javitich, 2004). Fredrick Herzbergs theory of Hygiene and Motivational Factors This theory was developed based on the needs identified by the Abrahams hierarchy of needs. Herzberg divided these needs into two fold; needs focusing on survival while the other need emphasizing on personal growth, very important factors that employees would want in a job (Werner, and DeSimone, 2009). According to him, any factor that satisfies the survival need cannot provide job fulfillment to the fullest. In fact, Podmoroff (2005) says that combination of these two factors may result into four very influential conditions namely, low hygiene, and motivation and high hygiene and motivation. Werner, and DeSimone add that for these to be effective there is need to enrich the job given to the employee which entails providing both hygiene factors and adding the motivational ones. Douglas McGregors Theory X and Theory Y According to McGregors theory X, a person considers work intrinsically unpleasant and as such can do what he can to avoid the work. Theory Y on the other hand starts the contrary of events; a person looks at work as very favorable and would do anything to stay in the job (Podmoroff, 2005). Ensuring performance would there mean that. This calls for different principles to be applied by the management in order to achieve the desired motivational level. Some of the principles may include decentralizing the control of the organization, delegating some of the duties and especially to those who seem to fear job, make job diverse to accept different kind of people, ensure that the employees participate in the management of the organization and performing appraisals for the employees (Randhawa, 2007). Motivation of employee through Incentive compensation According to Gunkel (2006), motivation is the willingness to exert high levels of effort toward organization goals conditioned by the efforts ability to satisfy some individual needs. He believes that however much the idea of motivation is universal where individuals go ahead to maximize their usefulness by ensuring that the issues or objectives they value most are me, it is limited to the challenging design of the study. Some organizations however, will never offer rewards to its workers when they incur higher costs that the revenues or benefits that they derive from business operations (Gunkel, 2006). To him, motivation can either bee intrinsic, coming from within the individual or extrinsic, any thing an individual gets from another person. Processes theories of motivation by Victor Vroom, Lyman Porter and Edward Lawler, III This theory assumes that any action of an individual is always goal oriented. This means therefore that when the compensation of an individual is directed towards performance, then the employee is likely to perfume better (Gunkel, 2006). . The theory asserts that even with intrinsic motivational factors, hygiene or any other factors discussed above, there still exists the need for an extrinsic power to motivate further the employee say rewards (Gunkel, 2006). Gunkel (2006) further disagrees with the idea that when incentives are give to promote extrinsic motivation, a crowding out effect will be felt between the two that is , a persons internal motivational factors will be corrupted and in many cases may not perform well until the extrinsic motivator comes into play. According to him, this holds no water. Strategic plan for change From the literature review, Processes theory developed by Victor Vroom, Lyman Porter and Edward Lawler III, it is very evident that whether all the factors of motivation come into play without the reward or compensation aspect, then the motivation becomes useless. It is therefore proper that measures be put in place to ensure that the reward aspect of motivation is there. In this regard, the human resource department has seen it worth that will improve the compensation and benefits of the employees. This will not only see our goof workers remain in the company but also enhance the productivity of the company. Our target is to be a leading company with approximately 75% of the market share in the next five years. The compensation and reward scheme that we have developed will also see our company attracting many qualified employees. This will equip the management and the skills of our employees. Better management and qualified skills will ensure that we meet the set objectives within the stipulated period, which is five years. In the recruitment, we shall ensure that we employ the best workers and especially from our competitors. The idea is to know the strengths of our competitors and their weaknesses, developing on them, and devising policies to counter act their strengths. This I believe will make us go a long way in increasing the productivity of this company and make it grow. Pay system support to the business strategy With the introduction of new rewards comprising of the compensation and benefit schemes, it is important for us to enlarge the pay system of our organization. Through this pay system, the method of reward distribution will be easier, faster, and more efficient. The enlargement of the pay system will enable us have more employment opportunities which will lead to recruitment of more employees. The efficiency and effectiveness of the system will see into it that employees get the best working environment. This in turn will enable us meet the set objective of employing more employees and retaining them to increase productivity, market share and out wit the competitors. Our recruitment will majorly concentrate on employees from our competitors. The idea is to discover their weaknesses and strengths and outwit them using the SWOT analysis technique by majoring on their weaknesses. New system and motivation of behavior, Developed system will also help us attract more employees and retain them. This will be achieved by the fact that the working environment will be very conducive to the employees. The motivational factors employed will not be limited to hygiene, and motivational factors as well as a better and efficient system to help us identify the different levels of satisfaction of each employee and try to satisfy them. Efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery makes work easier thus many employees will opt to stay rather than leave for another job that has no aspect of efficiency in it as well as effectiveness of performance in the production process. Final recommendations and possible outcomes (best and worst case scenarios) Finally, based on the data obtained, there is need to make the following recommendations: We need a strategic approach to help us in implementing the changes that we would like to introduce. To assist us in doing this, I would like to recommend that a team be selected form all the departments who will assist in designing a strategy that we will use to implement the changes. Caution however should be taken, as many employees may be resistance to change. In formulating the total compensation scheme, as the one we have offered is a sketchy one, we would like the overall management of the organization, that is the president of the company, to help us with resources including human and other required resources; finances. In addition, a team majorly comprising of the accounts, finance, overall management department and operations management departments should be composed to help in developing the scheme. This is necessary since there will be need to know the revenues and the expenditure as well as get approval from the overall. The human resource department, on my part will come up with ways of evaluating the employees, recruiting, and doing the performance appraisal in conjunction with training and development of the employees. We shall develop efficient ways through which some of the employees will be communicated to the final strategy to prevent any rebellion. In the mean time, I recommend that the accounting and finance department to develop policies and procedures of developing our payment system level. In recruiting, I would like to recommend that we target the employees of our competitors. Through this we shall discover their strengths and weaknesses and take advantage to outwit them in the market. However, I would like you to note that the above recommendation will be very costly to the organization at the on set but once the strategies are implemented, I assure you the benefits derived will far much exceed the costs experience. In effect, it is a long-term plan, five years plan. In addition, the program will not be introduced once but rather in stages and therefore there is no course for alarm. I further recommend that caution be taken when implementation of the various strategies as they are likely to be met by opposition from some employees. Summary/Conclusions In as much as employee motivation may be expensive, it is advisable that we should look at the long-term perspective of the study. The study is very broad and not all employees may be satisfied. In this regard, the human resource management department should work on achieving most of the basic forms of motivation. This include ensuring a better working environment, treating each employee equally, appraising performance of the employees, if possible allow the employees contribute to the management of the company and ensure the reward scheme is very favorable. Meeting all these will ensure that at least 85% of the workers are satisfied with the organization. As a result, many employees will be attracted, the existing ones will be retained as in effect, increased productivity, market share and growth and expansion of the organization. Let organizations take care of the most valuable and delicate asset and this will minimize costs associated with breakdown of machines, ineffective and inefficient work force. References section Gunkel, M. (2006). International Management Studies. Country Compatible Incentive Design: a Comparison of Employees Performance Reward Preferences in Germany and the USA. Wiesbaden: DUV. Javitich, A. (2004). Motivating Employees. Retrieved on November 24, 2010 from http://www.javitch.com/Q/004.pdf Mathis, R.L., Jackson, J.H. (2008). Human Resource Management. 12th Ed. Ohio: Thomson Inc. McNamara, C. Basics about Employee Motivation (Including Steps you can take). Retrieved on November 24, 2010 from http://managementhelp.org/guiding/motivate/basics.htm Podmoroff, D. (2005). 365 Ways to Motivate and Reward your Employees Ever Day-With Little or No Money. Florida : Atlantic Publishing Group, Inc. Randhawa, G. (2007). Human Resource Management. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers Distributors Werner, J. M., DeSimone, R. L. (2009). Human Resource Development. 5th Ed. Ohio: South Western Cengage Learning.

jaws :: essays research papers

All that Jaws Throughout the history of modern cinema, we as a people have seen various films that have caused fear, hope, laughter, love, and various other emotions. The movie Jaws, directed by Steven Spielberg, was a very well-written film, but the insignificant parts made me lose focus on what was occurring. I thought this movie lacked in a few fields such as special effects, acting and background illuminations. However, the special effects were well-organized for being created in 1975. Overall, I did not enjoy Jaws because of the talent the actors displayed and the organization of the scenes. The movie, Jaws, was based around three characters, a police chief, sailor and a scientist seeking a great white shark. During the beginning of the movie, two innocent people get killed and the police chief, Brody, suspects it is a shark that has attacked them. The mayor of Amity Island hears about the suspicions of Brody’s imagination but does not want to lose holiday tourism and forces Brody to not make any further investigations of the incidents. Brody, however, calls for a scientist, Hooper, who identifies the occurrences as shark attacks. Hooper, Brody and a sailor drift into the massive, rippling ocean in search for the great white who has viciously attacked and may yet again. During their voyage among the ocean, the shark becomes infuriated while several attempts of death are being plunged towards him and he dies soon afterwards. While the boat is sinking because of all the destruction amidst it, the only survivors, Brody and Hooper, swim back thankful to be Rogers, 2 alive. Yet still horrified at what has happened right in front of their eyes, the ending scene show the two men conversing of the horrible events while paddling through a gigantean ocean back to shore.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1975, Steven Spielberg, made a huge impact on the audience by pursuing reality in a new aspect never before seen. One of the taglines for Jaws, â€Å"Do you like fish? Well, he likes you too†¦Ã¢â‚¬  terrified viewers and forced them to shake in their boots. This classic film has everything a movie needs to lure you in; fantastic plot, visuals and necessary music for the appropriate scenes. However, Spielberg used a great deal of energy focusing on the shark being killed, while instead he could have narrowed in on more confrontations with the shark interacting with the innocent people to gain audience’s interest.

Democracy and Best Form

1. Democracy represents the views and notions of all the citizens of the country, whether majorities or minorities.2. It helps in solving conflicts and quarrels in a better way.3. It provides a dignity to the people.4. It helps in realising one's mistakes and improving upon them.5. There is no other form of government or an lternative better than a democracy. Yes democracy is the best form of government.Democracy is the best form of government simply because no other form of government is known to work well. Democracy may have it's flaws but all in all it works very fluidly. Socialism, for example, does not even come close to the best form of government. One can easily see this in Greece's current state. Democracy has never led to complete government disorder like one can see Socialism does. DEMOCRACY is the best form of govt.Yes democracy is the best form of govt. It grants us many things. 1.Right to speech. 2.Right to information. 3.Right to vote and etc.It represents each and ever y citizen equally whether you are poor or you are rich. In a monarchy or dictatorship no one can say or present their point of view. They have to follow what a single man says but in democracy we have been granted by RIGHT TO SPEECH. Democracy is the best form of governmentAs democracy means rule of people †¦ That is of the people for the people and by the people. Democracy is a form of government in which all eligible citizens participate equally—either directly or through elected representatives. 1. Democracy represents the views and notions of all the citizens of the country, whether majorities or minorities. 2. It helps in solving conflicts and quarrels in a better way. 3. It provides a dignity to the people.4. It helps in realising one's mistakes and improving upon them. 5. There is no other form of government or an alternative better than a democracy. democracy is the best form of governmentDemocratic states nearly always have freer people than autocratic states. T hey obviously have the right to vote for their government so by extension deciding the policy of their nation and what their nation should be like. They have more freedom of speech and expression than in autocracies. In particular they are free to criticize their own government. Democracy is the best form of governmentAs democracy means rule of people †¦ That is of the people for the people and by the people. Democracy is a form of government in which all eligible citizens participate equally—either directly or through elected representatives. Democracy is the best form of government simply because no other form of government is known to work well. Democracy may have its flaws but all in all it works very fluidly. Some plus points of having a democratic form of government:- 1. Freedom2. Democracy represents the views and notions of all the citizens of the country, whether majorities or minorities. 3. It helps in solving conflicts and quarrels in a better way. 4. It provi des a dignity to the people.5. Democracy allows various people to rule the country through the representatives. 6. It also allows people to express themselves clearly and freely. 7. It Respects & promotes Human Rights 8. In this form of government all people are equal before the law. 9. Democracy is the only form of government where the people can voice their opinion. 10. In my view there is no other alternative form of government better than a democracy.Freedom for peopleDemocracy allows various people to rule the country through the representatives . It allows people to express themselves clearly and freely. People and media criticize the ruling party without any censorship unlike autocracy where there is a limit on people's power of speech. People have the right to protest,celebrate and freely express themselves .I am currently doing a debate on this topic, and I do agree with this question because a democratic government represents the people. It gives the people an equal say by voting for different properties of the nation/state in which they live. No other form of government has been proven better. Democracy represents allWell, we all know the best form of government where every group gets it equal representation and equal chance of winning is democracy. Every citizen has the right to vote on their own. It gives complete freedom of expressing one's feeling on who would they want to be governed by. In the end nobody wants to be enslaved.In the end everyone wants to have control over their own life. As long as people aren't robots, they will crave democracy and freedom, as they should. It is also true the Democracies tend to do better because some of the people in it will seek to advance themselves and that will lead to innovation and growth. You don't get the same effect with other countries where thinking for yourself is sometimes punishable by death. Fundamental characteristics of democracySeparation of powers: The legislative, executive and the judicia ry operate independently without any interference of one of the others Rule of law: Every one is equal in the eye of the law.As I would not be a slave, so I would not be a master. This expresses my idea of democracy. Freedom and liberty in Democratic form of Government Democracy is the only form of government where the people can voice their opinions, whereas in other forms of government such as Monarchy, the law making is rested in the hands of the king who is considered most superior.In democracy we have the freedom to reside in any town or village of the country, have the freedom to select occupation of choice, raise voices, organize protests and rallies, etc. Thus Democracy is the best form of government and can be applied to all the spheres of life. Yes democracy is bestDemocracy is a form of govt. in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in decisions that effect their lives. Democracy allows eligible citizens to participate equally either directly or through elected representatives in the proposal, development, and creation of laws.Democracy by definition is a political system in which supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them. Yes it is the best form of governmentAs democracy means rule of people †¦ That is of the people for the people and by the people. Democracy is a form of government in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. Democracy allows eligible citizens to participate equally—either directly or through elected representatives—in the proposal, development, and creation of laws. It encompasses social, economic and cultural conditions that enable the free and equal practice of political self-determination.Yes it is Democracy is the best form of government because it is for the people by the people with the people. In this form of government people elect their own representatives through voting or elections. In this government if people are not happy with the government they can remove it from power by not voting them in the next elections.Support people's rights In a democratic country a person is respective. In a democratic country like India, our govt. Has provided fundamental rights. But in a non- democratic country no basic rules are provided. We can move freely in our country or a person can express his or her opinion. We can change our govt when it doesn't work.Support people rights In a democratic country a person is respective. In a democratic country like India, our govt. has provided fundamental rights. But in a non-democratic country no basic rules are provided. We can move freely in our country or a person can express his or her opinion. We can change our govt when it doesn't work.Yes it is I am currently doing a debate on this topic, and I do agree with this question because a democratic government represents the people. It gives the people and equal say by voting for different properties of the nation/state in which they live. No other form of government has been proven better and its gives freedom to the people but with boundaries. So therefore, democracy is the best form of government! Represents the peopleThe biggest virtue of Democracy is that it is government by the people for the people. The government represents the views of the people who elect them and can throw them out if the government does things that the people do not like. Unlike other forms of government democracy is about the little man, everyone rather than the elite that are often disconnected from how everyone else lives their lives. i think democracy is niceYes I feel that it is because it allows us the freedom to choose. The majority of our country is allowed to choose what they feel is best for them. It is not just one person deciding what they think is best for everyone else. Democracy will always win out over other forms of government.Yes democracy is the best form of government. Democracy is the best form of government simply because no other form of government is known to work well. Democracy may have it's flaws but all in all it works very fluidly. Socialism, for example, does not even come close to the best form of government. One can easily see this in Greece's c urrent state. Democracy has never led to complete government disorder like one can see Socialism does.Best Option overall If we can't elect who we want the what kind of world are we. I now sometimes democracies can be corrupt but so can monarchies. If the people do not like their king then you have to fight a war to kick him out of power. So democracy is best Democracy represents unity1. Democracy shows to the citizens that the government cares about them and their opinons.2. The citizen's voices and opinions can be heard3. It gives us the right to vote and the right of knowledge4. It promotes equality to the rich AND poor5. It gives other's the chance to become president or prime minister, or such. In a monarchy, it is simply passed down through generations to come. Oh yes alwaysYes it is The very clichà ©d definition of a democracy- it is of the people for the people and by the people. This means that it functions not only for the people but also for their benefits as the people are the rulers and they can understand each others necessities. Also in the other forms of government whether it be anarchy or monarchy, people are coerced with laws and rules they may not want to follow but just have to bare with it which created anger and disharmony for instance in the case of Syria rebellion. There is also no constitution which guarantees the people certain human rights and they cannot even use it as a living document. Thus it is somewhat not a good form of government. However in democracy one can voice out their own opinions and views as it guarantees freedom of speech, action an the list goes on . Thus democracy is the best form of governmentYes I do It's really fair, and in that way, your voices are heard!!!!) Everybody in countries like America and Australia are happy, because there is a democracy, and they get a vote.Also, the votes of the minority are counted too, and people are free to do anything. Other forms of government aren't that productive, while de mocracy is. I have no headingDemocracy is the best form of government. People want freedom, and with  democracy, that’s what they’ll get. This government respects people and their rights. It also promotes them. It is based off of the discussions and opinions of the people. It is important that the people can control the government. An autocratic government could create laws that have nothing to do with the current situation that the country is in and the citizens wouldn’t be able to do anything about it.Yes it isThe best form of the government because it is according to the nature of the man.A man wants to be free and want to express his thoughts what democracy provides.Unlike monarchy or anarchy system which are against the nature of a man and according to that systems a man become just like a slave who have to follow the orders of the KING or QUEEN.One of the Best Democracy can be called the best form but still it is far better than the other forms of the government. Every one has the right to express himself, people have right of freedom in various sense. Anyone would like to be free and this is what provided by the democracy. Democracy is the bestIn some places, people believe that is not the best. However it is the best because the government cannot do whatever, they still have to follow some laws, and almost everything is voted on. Whenever a vote is taken it is won by majority rules, so the public has a say in everything that goes on with the government. Obviously it isWith a Democracy we can elect people who have similar views as us instead of trusting a king or queen. Yes their are flaws in Democracy but no government is perfect. At least with democracy we have a way to express our thoughts by peaceful protests because, in other countries its against the law to protest.Yes, best form Democracy as defined, is Govt of the People For the P eople By the People. So it's for the people who are given all the rights to choose their leaders, enjoy freedoms as of Expression, Religion, Movement, holding their leaders accountable for the decisions they make on their behalf in governance etc. It's simply the best form of govt because in monarchy and other types of govt the citizenry don't enjoy such privileges.Best form of government Nowadays, there is no ideology with any political party. A majority of the political leaders in our country have become corrupt and selfish. They never care the fact that they are the representatives of the public and they have some duties towards them. Once elected, they forget their promises, which they make at the time of election. Yes it isBecause we get the right to choose the government of our own choice we can do everything . A democratic country is a well developed

buy custom Internal Risk Assessment of Wal-Mart Stores essay

buy custom Internal Risk Assessment of Wal-Mart Stores essay Walmart, formerly known as Walmart stores is an American public multinational that manages big retail warehouses and departmental stores. Walmart is ranked by Forbes as the 18th worlds largest company by size and the biggest by revenue. Walmart was incorporated about 40 years ago in the rural Arkansas by Sam Walton. Since then, the company has extensively expanded its operations to a tune of achieving gross revenue close to $250 billion. Walmart has extended its activities from making its own products such as OlRoy dog food and e vitamins to banking, sale of used cars, travel and Internet access. Chain has a large customer base of over 150 million customers per week who frequent the 8,800 Walmart retail units in 15 different nations. 2010, Walmart recorded sales revenue of $405 billion, a target that was facilitated by the2.1 million workers employed by Walmart. This paper will look into the strengths and weaknesses experienced by Walmart during marketing, the management, human resou rces, and finance as well as research development. Furthermore, the paper will briefly analyze how various internal dynamics of organizations affect Walmarts planned business stability. Strengths and Weaknesses Walmart has developed to have a status in the providence of low-priced product variety. Walmart has experienced considerable growth, by establishing its global operations and extending to countries like China, Mexico and Canada. As a market mover and determiner, Walmart has enjoyed significant strengths that other small-retailers dream of; Walmart has a powerful brand that is associated with money value, repute for convenience, as well as a wide range of products. The corporation has a core capability relating to its use of information technology to sustain its international system of logistics. For instance, the top management can be able to predict the performance of individual products from one store to another at a glance. Furthermore, the existence of information technology has helped in streamlining Walmarts procurement process. Human resources development and management are a key strength that is unique to Walmart. The company has acknowledged the importance of people in its operations, a factor that has led Wal-Mart to invest a great deal of money and time to train employees on how to handle and retain customers (Marketing, 2011). Regardless of its sizable strengths, both globally and in the United States, Walmart too has its weaknesses. Members of the public have successively and outrageous accused Walmart with under pricing its products, a situation that has kicked out a significant number of small-retailers. Since Wal-Mart deals with several different lines of products, such as food stationary and clothing, there is little or no flexibility s compared to other competitors who deal in specialized products. For being the worlds largest retailer Walmart is bound to suffer from managerial and control problems due to the huge flow of customers, employees and cash. Marketing Walmarts marketing objective is specific and to the spot; low prices. Walmarts purpose in marketing remains true to its founder Waltson, who once said that if people were to work together, they would experience a reduced cost of living for everybody as well as provide the world with chance to save and have a better life (Walmart, 2010). By offering low priced products, Walmart has been able to stick to its marketing goals. Considering the size of the retailer, some locals in the United States have prevented the establishment of Walmart in their local market. When launched, Walmart retail stores have led to economic collision by kicking small retailers out of business due to low prices, and product variety. Walmart has remained the largest retail employer in the United States. The corporation has put into place measures that ensure equal promotional and hiring practices to both external and internal applicants. The presence of career preference in Walmart makes it possible for employees to pre-apply for positions based on their various interests in different careers. During the past over ten years, Walmart has recorded an upward trend in the number of sexual related law suits. Female employees have been seeking compensation amounting to billions of dollars in damages with claims of underpayment and fewer job promotions. Such accusations of gender discrimination have led to skilled manpower seeking emplo yment in other Walmart competitors. Management and Finance Walmarts supply-chain management is exceptionally cost efficient. An effective inventory control system allows Walmart track its merchandise. The corporation handles one of the biggest global distribution operations, consisting of over 40 regional distribution stores. The tracking and shipping procedures have allowed Walmart to retain proper stock on the store shelves, as well as on their online store. Walmart does not have an official mission statement. The purpose of a mission statement is to provide employees, investors and consumers with a formal business direction and description, as well as providing an attention for focus. The absence of females in the top and well paying managerial position an image that Walmart would not want to display as this would damage the companys reputation towards its support for women. Walmart owns one of the most advanced development and research departments in the world. This has led to the development of innovative ways of offering goodss and services, a factor that has largely contributed to the Walmarts persistent success. However, some of its retail stores have been opened without conducting a proper prior research causing an overall poor performance. At the end of the 2009/2010 financial years, Wal-Marts gross revenue was projected at $408,214 million while the over-all cash flow was estimated to be $14.1 billion. The companys financial ratios can be considered as strength as they have always been above the standard of the industry. Managerial Forces: Control on Planned Business Stability The managerial forces of Wal-Mart have a great potential; achievement comes with imperfections that have been a basis of numerous confrontations and inconsistencies inside the business. The guarantee to supply the end user with the lowest probable cost is unquestionable. To attain the small charge, reduction of expenditure has become a passion in customs of the corporation. Reduction of costs has facilitated the satisfaction of customers since they save money; but it has also been the origin of shortcomings among workers. Payment for personnel is an immense subject matter at Wal-Mart. Long working hours and extensions along with poor wages has impinged on the workers and has ruined the personnel admiration for the corporation. Although long working hours has reduced managerial costs, it has also generated an unfair working atmosphere for employees. This type of administration has just materialized in recent years unlike in the past, especially when the company was under the management of Sam Walton, this form of operational state was not heard of. The unreasonable dealing of staff has stained the corporations picture. Based on fair operational business environment in the United States, Wal-Mart has been thought of as one of the most terrible companies. The inequitable working circumstances have generated disagreements inside the company, and the outcome has been the filing of numerous unjustified employment complaints. Conclusion Generally, Wal-Mart attends to clients and associates over 200 million times every week at over 8,838 selling entities in 55 diverse standards in 15 states. The company made sales of $405 billion during the 2010 financial year, and it internationally hires 2.1 million acquaintances (Wal-Mart, 2010). Walmart has developed to have a name for supplying products at low costs, handiness, and product range. The strengths of the company consist of a dominant trade name, interior proficiency concerning logistics, and a concentration on employees. On the other hand, the company weaknesses consist of not having the suppleness owing to its diversity in merchandise, and because of its magnitude may not manage the full market needs. Buy custom Internal Risk Assessment of Wal-Mart Stores essay

Achilles as a Classical Hero

Achilles as a Classical Hero Introduction Under classical mythology, one can define a hero as a courageous individual with great strength, widely known and celebrated by his society for his actions which portray exceptional boldness.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Achilles as a Classical Hero specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In literature, a hero simply means a person with a character that people need to admire or emulate. S/he therefore possesses all the ideals celebrated, valued and articulated by his/her culture. Heroes exist in all fields; for example, in politics, sports, and struggle for freedom among others. Be it in classical mythology, ordinary literature, or any other field, a hero must possess ordinary characteristics that no other person possesses. Since the judgment of heroic deeds lies in the culture that shapes an individual, different cultures value different traits in their heroes. In literature circles, heroism emanat es from both the culture of the author and the culture to which the hero belongs. Heroism not only focuses on the actions of an individual, but also the reasons behind their actions. According to the Greek culture, a hero must be a man with exceptional warrior characteristics; he should stand above other warriors in the society in all aspects; he must not only show warrior characteristics, but should also be intelligent and good in speech; he should endeavor to shun anything that intends to spoil his repute as a good warrior and finally he should have greater strength and courage than his fellow warriors who should freely acknowledge that he is the best warrior amongst them. These exceptional qualities make him legible for crowning as a leader. In the Greek history, a story is told of a man, Achilles, who possessed characteristics that the Greek culture reserved to heroes. A study of the Greek culture and its comparison to Achilles gives an important revelation: Achilles is a classi cal hero. This essay focuses on Achilles’ deeds and how they contributed towards his heroism. Achilles Heroic Characteristics Achilles is a swift runner. According to Lowrey, this character of swiftness comes out when â€Å"epithets referred to him as a man who was swift footed† (2). Swiftness is an important characteristic for individuals with the desire to excel in war or any other form of physical confrontation. With swiftness, one is able to easily capture or flee from an enemy during war. Besides, such people are able to perform better during competitions aimed at searching for true heroes of a given society. As a result, warriors all over the world cherish this trait and it is through it that Achilles gets crowned as a hero.Advertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Besides swiftness, Achilles possesses the characteristics of courage. Courage, as a trait enables an individual to do what the ordinary person cannot do on the grounds that, it has negative possible consequences or evokes fear of injury or death (Anderson, 12). As a result, one can take up any challenge regardless of any negative impeding consequences of such actions. The spirit of courageousness enabled Achilles to fight his enemies without fear of possible injury or death. This character trait as a courageous man also enabled him to storm out twelve cities of men both by sea through his ships and by land. Honestly, this is not an easy task! No wonder some of his people describe him as a lion-hearted man. According to Redfield, it is Achilles’ courage â€Å"that made him face any body in battle without fear† (39). In some instances, it is evident that people knew him as a man who ruthlessly and courageously tore his opponents in battle. This task cannot be possible for a timid individual; therefore, because of his courageous nature, Achilles pas ses for a hero. Achilles’ heroic deeds made people revere him so much that they gave him godly characteristics. They regarded him as a man who commanded fear all over because his actions evoked feelings of fear and terror (Jaeger, 35). This attitude of people towards Achilles portrays him as a special man deserving a special kind of treatment. His ability to break his opponents when at war and his physical superiority over all other warriors paints a picture of someone who elicits fear at his appearance. The fact that all other warriors fear and consider him as the best warrior explains why the society treats him with much reverence; he is a classical hero. Besides the reverence that people have towards him, Achilles has always been a source of fear before his enemies. This trait has always made him scary before his opponents. One of the goddesses in the Greek culture, goddess Hera reveals that the Trojans, who are rivals to Achilles’ community, tremble at the mention of Achilles. In yet another instance Patrocus refers to Achilles as a man â€Å"who is by far greater than the Achileans† (Lowrey, 2). As such, Patrocus says that none of the Achileans can surmount any kind of physical challenge to him. Such a statement not only cements the godly character of Achilles, but also confirms people’s belief in him as a man with significant superiority over his peers and opponents where it really matters. Based on these two instances it is quite clear that Achilles is a hero.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Achilles as a Classical Hero specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The experience that Achilles undergoes while in Combat clearly brings out his heroic characteristics. As Achilles describes his combat experiences, the audience feels how he was â€Å"devoted to his people, fighting on their behalf to ensure that they enjoy their lives† (Lowrey, 3). In his expla nation, it is evident that Achilles spent so many sleepless nights throughout the time of war. He even loses his own blood during the war on behalf of his people; however, this damaging event or his weariness could not discourage him from fighting for the wellbeing of his people; a true character of a hero. He instead, continues to fight on without any fear of injury or death till the end of the war. From these actions, it is vivid that Achilles was a man with exceptional character and deserved to be honored as a hero. While in Combat, Achilles also reveals that all his selflessness and determination in war have seen him through difficulties. Selfness as a character trait refers to the ability of an individual to care not only about his own welfare, but also the welfare of others who are bound to benefit from his/her efforts no matter how small they may be. From the way Achilles describes his life during the war, one can tell that he possessed a selfless character. This selfless cha racter clearly comes out during the war period. Referring to this period, Achilles says that he put â€Å"everything aside and struggled with other warriors during the battle only for the sake of the women of his fellow men† (Seamus, 1883). The move by Achilles to consider the wellbeing of women belonging to other men exposes him as somebody who does not think of self gain out of his struggle. In addition, the fact that he is not married at the time of battle further proves that indeed, he is a selfless character. According to the Greek culture, selflessness is a trait of heroes; therefore, Achilles’ selflessness qualifies him to be a classical hero. Besides selflessness, Achilles possesses an enduring character. Endurance refers to the ability of an individual to persevere pain or suffering with the hope of achieving success in the end of the struggle. Achilles’ ability to endure comes out when he talks about the experience he had in Combat during the war time. During this trying period, he says that he spent sleepless nights for many days. This was because of his alertness against potential attack by their opponents and only endurance can help an individual to ward off sleep. Besides his sleeplessness, Achilles lost his own blood, not mentioning the pain he underwent through when he sustained the bloody injuries.Advertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite these sufferings in sleeplessness and loss of blood through injury, Achilles continued to fight on for the welfare of his people and in the end, he won the battle. It is this relentless spirit that enabled Achilles to emerge victorious in many wars against their enemies and therefore, his perseverance during war portrays him as a classical hero. Finally, the case of Achilles and Agamemnon also proves Achilles’ heroic characteristics. Achilles’ acts of heroism had earlier won him a much coveted prize. It however emerges that Agamemnon tried to take this prize away from Achilles in exchange of expensive gifts; seven strongholds and a daughter of as wife. Conventionally, these attractive offers by Agamemnon would obviously compel Achilles to consider taking the gifts in lieu of the coveted prize. However, to the surprise of many, Achilles handles this situation in the most rational manner; using his intelligence, he discovers that accepting these gifts would serve to show his acceptance of Agamemnon’s superior status; therefore, he refuses to take the gifts and the bride offer and instead decides to protect his higher status of heroism. To Achilles, heroism consists not in the abundance of material things or wives per se, but in character; enduring character. Very few people can readily make such an informed decision. This intelligent move by Achilles is in line with what the Greece culture expects from heroes like him. Consequently, these adherences to the Greek cultural values that govern heroism help bring out Achilles status as a genuine hero. Conclusion Heroism is a highly coveted trait in all the cultures across the continents. Before the relevant authorities crown an individual as a hero, they consider his/her achievements which should be extraordinary. In one such culture, the Greek, heroism is a function of an individual’s intelligence, physical appearances, physical capability and his contribution as a warrior in the battlefield. The Greek culture also requires that as a hero, one should always be ready to guard his superior status no matter the consequences or benefits that one would gain by conceding his superiority. Achilles is a classical hero according to the Greek culture mainly because he possesses all the characteristics needed to qualify an individual as a true hero. Achilles has physical superiority, has outstanding warrior characteristics that his fellow warriors readily acknowledge and he is not ready to relinquish his superior status; not even with a promise of expensive gifts and a bewitching bride. Anderson, William S. The Art of the Aeneid. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1969. Jaeger, Werner. Paideia: The Ideals of Greek Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1939. Lowrey, Belen. â€Å"The Hero as a Reflection of Culture.† Journal of Ancient Spartan and  Greek History 23.9 (2005): 1-12. Redfield, James. Nature and Culture in the Iliad. Chicago: The Unive rsity of Chicago Press, 1975. Seamus, Heaney. The Norton Anthology of Western Literature. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 2006. 1880- 1903.